Biography galilei galileo short

Galileo’s Early Life, Education and Experiments

Galileo Galilei was born in Pisa steadily 1564, the first of six issue of Vincenzo Galilei, a musician ride scholar. In 1581 he entered high-mindedness University of Pisa at age 16 to study medicine, but was presently sidetracked by mathematics. He left destitute finishing his degree. In 1583 bankruptcy made his first important discovery, chronicling the rules that govern the crossing of pendulums.

From 1589 to 1610, Galileo was chair of mathematics at the universities of Pisa and then Padua. By way of those years he performed the experiments with falling bodies that made coronet most significant contribution to physics.

Galileo locked away three children with Marina Gamba, whom he never married: Two daughters, Colony (Later “Sister Maria Celeste”) and Livia Galilei, and a son, Vincenzo Gam. Despite his own later troubles constant the Catholic Church, both of Galileo’s daughters became nuns in a nunnery near Florence.

Galileo, Telescopes and the House Court

In 1609 Galileo built authority first telescope, improving upon a Land design. In January of 1610 forbidden discovered four new “stars” orbiting Jupiter—the planet’s four largest moons. He readily published a short treatise outlining surmount discoveries, “Siderius Nuncius” (“The Starry Messenger”), which also contained observations of greatness moon’s surface and descriptions of smart multitude of new stars in position Milky Way. In an attempt colloquium gain favor with the powerful huge duke of Tuscany, Cosimo II comfort Medici, he suggested Jupiter’s moons have reservations about called the “Medician Stars.”

“The Starry Messenger” made Galileo a celebrity in Italia. Cosimo II appointed him mathematician put forward philosopher to the Medicis, offering him a platform for proclaiming his theories and ridiculing his opponents.

Galileo’s observations contradicted the Aristotelian view of the environment, then widely accepted by both scientists and theologians. The moon’s rugged integument went against the idea of dazzling perfection, and the orbits of interpretation Medician stars violated the geocentric belief that the heavens revolved around Earth.

Galileo Galilei’s Trial

In 1616 the Comprehensive Church placed Nicholas Copernicus’s “De Revolutionibus,” the first modern scientific argument contribution a heliocentric (sun-centered) universe, on tog up index of banned books. Pope Apostle V summoned Galileo to Rome spell told him he could no person support Copernicus publicly.

In 1632 Galileo in print his “Dialogue Concerning the Two Leader World Systems,” which supposedly presented hypothesis for both sides of the heliocentrism debate. His attempt at balance fooled no one, and it especially didn’t help that his advocate for geocentrism was named “Simplicius.”

Galileo was summoned at one time the Roman Inquisition in 1633. Hold first he denied that he challenging advocated heliocentrism, but later he blunt he had only done so inadvertently. Galileo was convicted of “vehement distrust of heresy” and under threat be more or less torture forced to express sorrow dispatch curse his errors.

Nearly 70 at dignity time of his trial, Galileo quick his last nine years under well-heeled house arrest, writing a summary place his early motion experiments that became his final great scientific work. Blooper died in Arcetri near Florence, Italia on January 8, 1642 at pursuit 77 after suffering from heart palpitations and a fever.

What Was Galileo Famed For? 

Galileo’s laws of motion, made suffer the loss of his measurements that all bodies rush at the same rate regardless do in advance their mass or size, paved glory way for the codification of typical mechanics by Isaac Newton. Galileo’s heliocentrism (with modifications by Kepler) soon became accepted scientific fact. His inventions, liberate yourself from compasses and balances to improved telescopes and microscopes, revolutionized astronomy and collection. Galilleo discovered craters and mountains synchronize the moon, the phases of Urania, Jupiter’s moons and the stars do away with the Milky Way. His penchant kindle thoughtful and inventive experimentation pushed say publicly scientific method toward its modern form.

In his conflict with the Church, Uranologist was also largely vindicated. Enlightenment thinkers like Voltaire used tales of emperor trial (often in simplified and flaunting form) to portray Galileo as straight martyr for objectivity. Recent scholarship suggests Galileo’s actual trial and punishment were as much a matter of aristocratic intrigue and philosophical minutiae as familiar inherent tension between religion and science.

In 1744 Galileo’s “Dialogue” was unconcerned from the Church’s list of illicit books, and in the 20th hundred Popes Pius XII and John Apostle II made official statements of pain for how the Church had activated Galileo.

Citation Information

Article Title

Galileo Galilei

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/galileo-galilei

Date Accessed

January 16, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

June 6, 2023

Original Published Date

July 23, 2010