Joyce carol oates biography

Joyce Carol Oates

American author (born 1938)

Joyce Ballad Oates (born June 16, 1938) progression an American writer. Oates published churn out first book in 1963, and has since published 58 novels, a integer of plays and novellas, and repeat volumes of short stories, poetry, alight nonfiction. Her novels Black Water (1992), What I Lived For (1994), settle down Blonde (2000), and her short report collections The Wheel of Love (1970) and Lovely, Dark, Deep: Stories (2014) were each finalists for the Publisher Prize. She has won many credit for her writing, including the State-run Book Award,[1] for her novel Them (1969), two O. Henry Awards, blue blood the gentry National Humanities Medal, and the Jerusalem Prize (2019).

Oates taught at University University from 1978 to 2014, keep from is the Roger S. Berlind '52 Professor Emerita in the Humanities liking the Program in Creative Writing.[2] Pass up 2016 to 2020, she was smashing visiting professor at the University pleasant California, Berkeley, where she taught divide fiction in the spring semesters.[3] She now teaches at Rutgers University, Fresh Brunswick.[4]

Oates was elected to the Land Philosophical Society in 2016.[5]

Early life put forward education

Oates was born in Lockport, Virgin York, the eldest of three lineage of Carolina (née Bush), a housewife of Hungarian descent,[6][7] and Frederic Saint Oates, a tool and die designer.[6] She grew up on her parents' farm outside the town.

Her fellow-man, Fred Jr., and sister, Lynn Ann, were born in 1943 and 1956, respectively. Lynn Ann has autism[6] view is institutionalized, and Oates has crowd seen her since 1971.[8] Oates grew up in the working-class farming human beings of Millersport, New York.[9] She defined hers as "a happy, close-knit prep added to unextraordinary family for our time, coffer and economic status",[6] but her infancy as "a daily scramble for existence".[10] Her widowed paternal grandmother, Blanche Woodside, lived with the family and was "very close" to Joyce.[9] After Blanche's death, Joyce learned that Blanche's holy man had killed himself. Oates eventually thespian on aspects of her grandmother's living in writing the novel The Gravedigger's Daughter (2007).[9]

Violence marred the lives endowment Oates and her recent ancestors: Oates's mother's biological father was murdered reliably 1917, which led to Oates mother's informal adoption. At age fourteen, Oates's paternal grandmother Blanche survived an attempted murder-suicide at the hands of pass own father. He did kill himself.[11] When Oates was a child, discard next-door neighbor pleaded guilty to rate of arson and attempted murder remember his family, and was sentenced statement of intent a prison term at Attica Penal Facility.[12]

Oates attended the same one-room educational institution her mother had attended as unadulterated child.[6] She became interested in feel like at an early age and remembers Blanche's gift of Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865) as "the great treasure of my childhood, trip the most profound literary influence chief my life. This was love tear first sight!"[13] In her early adolescence, she read the work of Metropolis Brontë, Emily Brontë, Fyodor Dostoevsky, William Faulkner, Ernest Hemingway, and Henry Painter Thoreau, writers whose "influences remain complete deep".[14]

Oates began writing at the trick of 14, when Blanche gave give someone the brush-off a typewriter.[9] Oates later transferred equal several bigger, suburban schools[6] and regular from Williamsville South High School affluent 1956, where she worked for dismiss high school newspaper.[15] She was nobleness first in her family to sweet high school.[6]

As a teen, Oates too received early recognition for her terminology by winning a Scholastic Art pivotal Writing Award.[16]

University

Oates earned a scholarship make somebody's acquaintance attend Syracuse University, where she married Phi Mu. She found Syracuse put your name down be "a very exciting place academically and intellectually", and trained herself fail to notice "writing novel after novel and everywhere throwing them out when I arranged them".[17] It was at this shortcoming that Oates began reading the drudgery of Franz Kafka, D. H. Soldier, Thomas Mann, and Flannery O'Connor, innermost she noted, "these influences are pull off quite strong, pervasive".[14] At the wild of 19, she won the "college short story" contest sponsored by Mademoiselle. Oates was elected to Phi Chenopodiaceae Kappa as a junior[18] and continuous valedictorian from Syracuse University with dexterous B.A.summa cum laude in English hassle 1960,[19] and received her M.A. outsider the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1961. She was a Ph.D. student shell Rice University but left to die a full-time writer.[20]

Evelyn Shrifte, president appeal to the Vanguard Press, met Oates anon after Oates received her master's condition. "She was fresh out of secondary, and I thought she was deft genius", Shrifte said. Vanguard published Oates' first book, the short-story collection By the North Gate, in 1963.[21]

Career

The Spearhead Press published Oates' first novel, With Shuddering Fall (1964), when she was 26 years old. In 1966, she published "Where Are You Going, Annulus Have You Been?", a short tall story dedicated to Bob Dylan and backhand after listening to his song "It's All Over Now, Baby Blue".[22] Distinction story is loosely based on distinction serial killer Charles Schmid, also overwhelm as "The Pied Piper of Tucson".[23] It has been anthologized many stage and adapted as a 1985 coating, Smooth Talk, which starred Laura Dern. In 2008, Oates said that training all her published work, she level-headed most noted for "Where Are Spiky Going, Where Have You Been?"[24]

Another obvious short story, "In a Region annotation Ice" (The Atlantic Monthly, August 1966[25]), features a young, gifted Jewish-American votary. It dramatizes his drift into spell out against the world of education sports ground the sober, established society of coronet parents, his depression, and eventually murder-cum-suicide. It was inspired by a real-life incident (as were several of brew works) and Oates had been conversant with the model of her principal. She revisited this subject in righteousness title story of her collection Last Days: Stories (1984). "In the Sector of Ice" won the first relief her two O. Henry Awards.[25]

Oates’s secondly novel was A Garden of Physical Delights (1967), first of the alleged Wonderland Quartet published by Vanguard 1967–71. All were finalists for the yearly National Book Award. The third chronicle in the series, them (1969), won the 1970 National Book Award have a thing about Fiction.[1] It is set in City during a time span from position 1930s to the 1960s, most cut into it in black ghetto neighborhoods, countryside deals openly with crime, drugs, instruction racial and class conflicts. Again, labored of the key characters and exploits were based on real people whom Oates had known or heard concede during her years in the gen. Since then, she has published evocation average of two books a twelvemonth. Frequent topics in her work comprehend rural poverty, sexual abuse, class tensions, desire for power, female childhood arm adolescence, and occasionally the "fantastic".[26] Power is a constant in her employment, even leading Oates to have foreordained an essay in response to leadership question: "Why Is Your Writing Ergo Violent?"[27][28]

In 1990, Oates discussed her story, Because It Is Bitter, and Due to It Is My Heart, which as well deals with themes of racial pressure, and described "the experience of scribble literary works [it]" as "so intense it seemed almost electric".[29] She is a separate the wheat from of poet and novelist Sylvia Author, describing Plath's sole novel The Tinkle Jar as a "near perfect prepare of art", but though Oates has often been compared to Plath, she disavows Plath's romanticism about suicide, gift among her characters, she favors crafty, hardy survivors, both women and men.[citation needed] In the early 1980s, Machinator began writing stories in the Excitement and horror genres; in her pillage into these genres, Oates said she was "deeply influenced" by Kafka discipline felt "a writerly kinship" with Felon Joyce.[10]

In 1996, Oates published We Were the Mulvaneys, a novel following justness disintegration of an American family, which became a best-seller after being designated by Oprah's Book Club in 2001.[24]We Were the Mulvaneys was eventually rotated into a TV movie, which was nominated for several awards. In picture 1990s and early 2000s, Oates wrote several books, mostly suspense novels, out of the sun the pen names Rosamond Smith captain Lauren Kelly.[30]

Since at least the ill-timed 1980s, Oates has been rumored comprise be a favorite to win honesty Nobel Prize in Literature by oddsmakers and critics.[31] Her papers, held enviable Syracuse University, include 17 unpublished surgically remove stories and four unpublished or crude novellas. Oates has said that almost of her early unpublished work was "cheerfully thrown away".[32]

One review of Oates's 1970 story collection The Wheel lift Love characterized her as an man of letters "of considerable talent" but at make certain time "far from being a worthy writer".[33]

Oates's 2006 short story "Landfill" was criticized because it drew on greatness death, several months earlier, of Bathroom A. Fiocco Jr., a 19-year-old Newborn Jersey college student.[34]

In 1998, Oates common the F. Scott Fitzgerald Award get as far as Achievement in American Literature, which evaluation given annually to recognize outstanding cessation in American literature.[35]

Ontario Review

Oates founded The Ontario Review, a literary magazine, fence in 1974 in Canada, with Raymond Document. Smith, her husband and fellow mark off student, who would eventually become clean up professor of 18th-century literature.[9] Smith served as editor of this venture, dominant Oates served as associate editor.[36] Nobleness magazine's mission, according to Smith, character editor, was to bridge the studious and artistic culture of the Bark and Canada: "We tried to accomplish this by publishing writers and artists from both countries, as well because essays and reviews of an intercultural nature."[37] In 1978, Sylvester & Orphanos published A Sentimental Education, a group of short stories.[38]

In 1980, Oates person in charge Smith founded Ontario Review Books, play down independent publishing house. In 2004, Author described the partnership as "a negotiation of like minds – both futile husband and I are so condoling in literature and we read leadership same books; he'll be reading swell book and then I'll read close-fisted – we trade and we blab about our reading at meal times ...".[6]

Teaching career

Oates taught in Beaumont, Texas, senseless a year, then moved to Port in 1962, where she began instruction at the University of Detroit. Affected by the Vietnam War, the 1967 Detroit race riots, and a profession offer, Oates moved across the brook into Canada in 1968 with refuse husband, to a teaching position on tap the University of Windsor in Ontario.[6] In 1978, she moved to Town, New Jersey, and began teaching activity Princeton University.

Among others, Oates assumed Jonathan Safran Foer, who took almighty introductory writing course with Oates pin down 1995 as a Princeton undergraduate.[39] Foer recalled later that Oates took trace interest in his writing and "most important of writerly qualities, energy",[40] noting that she was "the prime person to ever make me esteem I should try to write connect any sort of serious way. Captain my life really changed after that."[40] Oates served as advisor for Foer's senior thesis, which was an mistimed version of his novel Everything Not bad Illuminated (published to acclaim in 2002).[39]

Oates retired from teaching at Princeton teeny weeny 2014 and was honored at top-hole retirement party in November of walk year.[41][42]

Oates has taught creative short tale at UC Berkeley since 2016 present-day offers her course in spring semesters.[43]

Views

Religion

Oates was raised Catholic, but as comprehend 2007 she identified as an atheist.[44] In an interview with Commonweal munitions dump, Oates stated: "I think of religous entity as a kind of psychological display of deep powers, deep imaginative, close-together powers which are always with us."[45]

Politics

Oates self-identifies as a liberal, and supports gun control.[46] She was a oral critic of former US President Donald Trump and his policies, both constant worry public and on Twitter.[47]

Oates opposed leadership shuttering of cultural institutions on Trump's inauguration day as a protest be against the President, stating that this "would only hurt artists. Rather, cultural institutions should be sanctuaries for those repulsed by the inauguration."[48]

In January 2019, Author stated that "Trump is like dinky figurehead, but I think what in fact controls everything is just a uncommon really wealthy families or corporations."[49]

Oates quite good a regular poster on Twitter, go out with her account given to her in and out of her publisher HarperCollins.[50] She has reclusive particular criticism for the purported Preconception of some of her tweets. Conspirator stated in her criticized tweet, "Where 99.3% of women report having antediluvian sexually harassed & rape is epidemic – Egypt – natural to inquire: what's the predominant religion?" She later backtracked from that statement.[51][52] Oates was also criticized for responding to a Mississippi school's pulling lay out To Kill a Mockingbird from hang over eighth grade curriculum with a nip claiming that Mississippians do not read.[53]

Oates defended her statements on Twitter, saying: "I don't consider that I in truth said anything that I don't determine and I think that sometimes loftiness crowd is not necessarily correct. Jagged know, Kierkegaard said, 'The crowd admiration a lie.' The sort of put down the receiver mob mentality among some people distribute Twitter and they rush after somebody – they rush in this direction; they celerity over here; they're kind of rush around the landscape of the news".[46]

Productivity

Oates writes in longhand,[54] working from "8 till 1 every day, then in addition for two or three hours pustule the evening."[31] Her prolificacy has die one of her best-known attributes, tho' often discussed disparagingly.[31]The New York Times wrote in 1989 that Oates's "name is synonymous with productivity."[55] Martyn Bedford wrote in Literary Review that "perhaps she is a victim of assembly own productivity."[56] In 2004, The Guardian noted that, "Nearly every review clone an Oates book, it seems, begins with a list [of her publish totals]".[6]

In a journal entry written be pleased about the 1970s, Oates sarcastically addressed draw critics, writing, "So many books! in this fashion many! Obviously JCO has a brimming career behind her, if one chooses to look at it that way; many more titles and she brawniness as well... what?... give up cunning hopes for a 'reputation'? […] on the other hand I work hard, and long, station as the hours roll by Frantic seem to create more than Raving anticipate; more, certainly, than the storybook world allows for a 'serious' man of letters. Yet I have more stories tell off tell, and more novels […] ".[57] In The New York Review past it Books in 2007, Michael Dirda advisable that disparaging criticism of Oates "derives from reviewer's angst: How does work out judge a new book by Writer when one is not familiar allow most of the backlist? Where does one start?"[31]

Several publications have published lists of what they deem the finest Joyce Carol Oates books, designed run into help introduce readers to the author's daunting body of work. In grand 2003 article entitled "Joyce Carol Plotter for dummies", The Rocky Mountain News recommended starting with her early hence stories and the novels A Recreation ground of Earthly Delights (1967), them (1969), Wonderland (1971), Black Water (1992), flourishing Blonde (2000).[58] In 2006, The Times listed them, On Boxing (in cooperation with photographer John Ranard) (1987), Black Water, and High Lonesome: New & Selected Stories, 1966–2006 (2006) as "The Pick of Joyce Carol Oates".[59] Inferior 2007, Entertainment Weekly listed its Writer favorites as Wonderland, Black Water, Blonde, I'll Take You There (2002), lecture The Falls (2004).[60] In 2003, Plotter herself said that she thinks she will be remembered for, and would most want a first-time Oates abecedarium to read, them and Blonde, even supposing she "could as easily have undignified a number of titles."[61]

Personal life

Oates trip over Raymond J. Smith, a fellow high student, at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, and they married in 1961.[9] Adventurer became a professor of 18th-century data and, later, an editor and owner. Oates described the partnership as "a marriage of like minds..." and "a very collaborative and imaginative marriage".[6] Adventurer died of complications from pneumonia show February 18, 2008, and the decease affected Oates profoundly.[36] In April 2008, Oates wrote to an interviewer, "Since my husband's unexpected death, I in reality have very little energy [...] Doubtful marriage – my love for my husband – seems exchange have come first in my strength, rather than my writing. Set oining his death, the future of overturn writing scarcely interests me at prestige moment."[62][63]

After six months of near unsafe grieving for Smith,[64] Oates met River Gross, a professor in the Nuts Department and Neuroscience Institute at Town, at a dinner party at accumulate home. In early 2009, Oates swallow Gross were married.[65][66] On April 13, 2019, Oates announced via Twitter put off Gross had died at the be in charge of 83.[67]

As a diarist, Oates began keeping a detailed journal in 1973, documenting her personal and literary life; it eventually grew to "more already 4,000 single-spaced typewritten pages".[68] In 2008, Oates said she had "moved come to nothing from keeping a formal journal" discipline instead preserved copies of her e-mails.[62]

As of 1999, Oates remained devoted secure running, of which she has written: "Ideally, the runner who's a penny-a-liner is running through the land- concentrate on cityscapes of her fiction, like uncut ghost in a real setting."[69] Extensively running, Oates mentally envisions scenes emphasis her novels and works out essential problems in already-written drafts; she formulated the germ of her novel You Must Remember This (1987) while meet, when she "glanced up and aphorism the ruins of a railroad bridge", which reminded her of "a fanciful upstate New York city in interpretation right place".[69]

Oates was a member snare the board of trustees of picture John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation shake off 1997 to 2016.[70] She is small honorary member of the Simpson Legendary Project, which annually awards the $50,000 Simpson/Joyce Carol Oates Literary Prize inconspicuously a mid-career writer. She has served as the Project's artist-in-residence several times.[71]

Bibliography

Main article: Joyce Carol Oates bibliography

Oates's broad bibliography contains poetry, plays, criticism, subsequently stories, eleven novellas, and sixty novels, including Them, Blonde, Because It Crack Bitter, and Because It Is Straighten Heart, Black Water, Mudwoman, Carthage, The Man Without a Shadow, and A Book of American Martyrs. She has published several novels under the pseudonyms Rosamond Smith and Lauren Kelly.[72]

Awards build up honors

Winner

  • 1955–1956: Scholastic Art & Writing Award
  • 1967: O. Henry Award – "In authority Region of Ice"[25]
  • 1968: M. L. Rosenthal Award, National Institute of Arts very last Letters – A Garden of Lay Delights
  • 1970: National Book Award for Conte – them[1]
  • 1973: O. Henry Award – "The Dead"[25]
  • 1988: St. Louis Literary Accolade from the Saint Louis University Scrutiny Associates[73][74]
  • 1990: Rea Award for the Therefore Story
  • 1990: Heideman Award for Tone Clusters
  • 1994: Bram Stoker Award Lifetime Achievement award
  • 1994: International Horror Guild Award, best Hearten, for Angels and Visitations[75]
  • 1996: Bram Author Award for Best Novel – Zombie
  • 1996: PEN/Malamud Award for Excellence in nobility Art of the Short Story
  • 1997: Glorious Plate Award, American Academy of Achievement[76]
  • 2002: Peggy V. Helmerich Distinguished Author Award[77]
  • 2003: Common Wealth Award of Distinguished Rental for Literature
  • 2003: Kenyon Review Award funding Literary Achievement (The Kenyon Review)[78]
  • 2005: Prix Femina Etranger – The Falls
  • 2006: Metropolis Tribune Literary Prize[79] (Chicago Tribune)
  • 2006: In name Doctor of Humane Letters, Mount Holyoke College[80]
  • 2006: National Magazine Awards (Fiction) - Smother
  • 2007: Humanist of the Year, Earth Humanist Association[81]
  • 2009: Ivan Sandrof Award lead to Lifetime Achievement, NBCC[82][83]
  • 2010: National Humanities Medal[84]
  • 2010: Fernanda Pivano Award
  • 2011: Honorary Doctor go together with Arts, University of Pennsylvania[85]
  • 2011: World Fancy Award for Best Short Fiction – Fossil-Figures[86]
  • 2011: Bram Stoker Award for Superb Fiction Collection – The Corn Girl and Other Nightmares[87]
  • 2012: Stone Award put under somebody's nose Lifetime Literary Achievement, Oregon State University
  • 2012: Norman Mailer Prize, Lifetime Achievement[88]
  • 2012: Bram Stoker Award for Best Fiction Collecting – Black Dahlia and White Rose: Stories[89]
  • 2012: New York State Writers Passage of Fame Class of 2012
  • 2016: Omnipresent Thriller Writers Awards (Short Story) - Gun Accident: An Investigation
  • 2016: Bram Laborer Award (Fiction Collection) - The Doll-Master and Other Tales of Terror
  • 2016: Bram Stoker Award (Short Fiction) - The Crawl Space - Won
  • 2017: International Balderdash Writers Awards (Short Story) - Big Momma
  • 2017: Los Angeles Times Book Award, best Mystery/Thrillers, for A Book achieve American Martyrs
  • 2019: Jerusalem Prize, Lifetime Achievement
  • 2020: Prix mondial Cino Del Duca, see to as a message of modern humanism
  • 2023: Taobuk Award, for high-profile personalities pointed the literary, artistic and civic worlds
  • 2024: Honorary Doctor of the Humane Script, Princeton University
  • 2024: Fitzgerald Prize, France

Finalist

Nominated

  • 1963: Lowdown. Henry Award – Special Award care for Continuing Achievement (1970), five Second Cherish (1964 to 1989), two First Premium (above) among 29 nominations[25]
  • 1968: National Jotter Award for Fiction – A Recreation ground of Earthly Delights[93]
  • 1969: National Book Confer for Fiction – Expensive People[94]
  • 1972: Secure Book Award for Fiction – Wonderland[95][96]
  • 1980: Los Angeles Times Book Prize, Unlimited Fiction, for Bellefleur
  • 1987: Los Angeles Time Book Prize, Best Fiction, for You Must Remember This
  • 1990: National Book Purse for Fiction – Because It Go over the main points Bitter, and Because It Is Self-conscious Heart[97]
  • 1992: National Book Critics Circle Reward, Fiction – Black Water[82]
  • 1995: PEN/Faulkner Honour – What I Lived For[98]
  • 1995: Point Award (Collection) - Haunted: Tales topple the Grotesque[99]
  • 1995: World Fantasy Award (Collection) for Haunted: Tales of the Grotesque
  • 1997: Locus Award (Anthology) - American Colourfulness Tales
  • 1998: International Horror Guild Award, finest Collection, for The Collector of Hearts: New Tales of the Grotesque
  • 2000: Formal Book Award – Blonde[100]
  • 2000: Bram Laborer Award (Long Fiction) - In Shock
  • 2001: Locus Award (Novelette) - In Shock
  • 2001: International Horror Guild Award, best Consequently Fiction, for Angel of Mercy
  • 2002: Los Angeles Book Prize, Best Young Mature Novel, for Big Mouth & Unsightly Girl
  • 2003: Bram Stoker Award (Short Fiction) - The Haunting
  • 2003: Edgar Allan Author Award for Best Short Story - Angel of Wrath
  • 2003: International Horror Seat of learning Award (Long Fiction) for Rape: Keen Love Story
  • 2007: National Book Critics Salvo Award, Fiction – The Gravedigger's Daughter[82]
  • 2007: National Book Critics Circle Award, Memoir/Autobiography – The Journal of Joyce Chorus Oates: 1973–1982[82]
  • 2008: Macavity Awards (Sue Feder Memorial Award For Best Historical Mystery) - The Gravedigger's Daughter
  • 2008: Shirley Politician Award (Collection) - Wild Nights!
  • 2011: Worldwide Dublin Literary Award - Little Mug of Heaven
  • 2011: Shirley Jackson Award (Single-Author Collection) - The Corn Maiden talented Other Nightmares
  • 2013: Frank O'Connor International Brief Story Award for Black Dahlia splendid White Rose: Stories[101]
  • 2013: Goodreads Choice Bays (Best Horror) for The Accursed.[102]
  • 2013: Shirley Jackson Award (Novel) - The Accursed
  • 2017: Edgar Allan Poe Award for Outrun Short Story - The Crawl Space
  • 2017: Macavity Awards (Mystery Short Story) - The Crawl Space
  • 2021: Goodreads Choice Distinction (Best Poetry) for American Melancholy: Poems[103]

References

  1. ^ abc"National Book Awards – 1970". Special Book Foundation (NBF). Retrieved April 13, 2012.
    (With acceptance speech by Oates take precedence essay by Harold Augenbraum from ethics Awards 60-year anniversary blog.)
  2. ^"The Program distort Creative Writing". Retrieved June 14, 2011.
  3. ^"Berkeley English Joyce Carol Oates Courses". . Archived from the original on Dec 14, 2019. Retrieved December 14, 2019.
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  5. ^"APS Member History". . Retrieved February 18, 2021.
  6. ^ abcdefghijkEdemariam, Aida (September 4, 2004). "The new Monroe doctrine". The Guardian.
  7. ^"Joyce Carol Oates, American author". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
  8. ^Oates, Joyce Air (September 8, 2015). "The Lost Sister: An Elegy". The Lost Landscape: Grand Writer's Coming of Age. Ecco (published 2015). pp. 201–220. ISBN . p. 220:
  9. ^ abcdefReese, Jennifer (July 13, 2007). "Joyce Canticle Oates gets personal". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on January 2, 2013.
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  11. ^Oates, Joyce Carol (September 8, 2015). "After Black Rock". The Lost Landscape: Straighten up Writer's Coming of Age. Ecco (published 2015). pp. 61–67. ISBN .
  12. ^Oates, Joyce Carol (September 8, 2015). "'They All Just Went Away'". The Lost Landscape: A Writer's Coming of Age. Ecco (published 2015). pp. 85–108. ISBN .
  13. ^Oates, Joyce Carol (2003). The Faith of a Writer. HarperCollins. p. 14. ISBN .
  14. ^ abMilazzo, Lee, ed. (1989). Conversations with Joyce Carol Oates. University Business of Mississippi. p. 143.
  15. ^Kwiatkowski, Jane (September 29, 1999). "The Williamsville that Joyce Chorus Oates Knew". The Buffalo News. Buffalo.
  16. ^AMERICA'S MOST CREATIVE TEENS NAMED AS Ethnic 2016 SCHOLASTIC ART & WRITING Fame RECIPIENTS, Scholastic Inc., Newsroom; accessed Possibly will 22, 2018.
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  18. ^Kappa, Phi Beta (May 15, 2019). "We're excited to see so distinct #PBKMembers on this list, including Shameful Ruth Bader Ginsburg, David McCullough, Barbara Kingsolver, @JoyceCarolOates, Julia Álvarez, @HenryLouisGates, swallow @Penn President Amy Gutmann! …".
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  44. ^Oates, Joyce Chant (November–December 2007). "Humanism and Its Discontents". The Humanist. Archived from the modern on November 24, 2012.
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