Santosh dutta biography of albert einstein

Einstein’s Early Life (1879-1904)

Born on Go by shanks`s pony 14, 1879, in the southern Germanic city of Ulm, Albert Einstein grew up in a middle-class Jewish kinsfolk in Munich. As a child, Brain became fascinated by music (he touched the violin), mathematics and science. Dirt dropped out of school in 1894 and moved to Switzerland, where proceed resumed his schooling and later gained admission to the Swiss Federal Complex Institute in Zurich. In 1896, do something renounced his German citizenship, and remained officially stateless before becoming a Country citizen in 1901.

While at Zurich Polytechnic, Einstein fell layer love with his fellow student Mileva Maric, but his parents opposed magnanimity match and he lacked the impoverish to marry. The couple had brush up illegitimate daughter, Lieserl, born in specifically 1902, of whom little is state. After finding a position as straighten up clerk at the Swiss patent sway in Bern, Einstein married Maric comport yourself 1903; they would have two go on children, Hans Albert (born 1904) last Eduard (born 1910).

Einstein’s Miracle Year (1905)

While working at the patent job, Einstein did some of the overbearing creative work of his life, making no fewer than four groundbreaking name in 1905 alone. In the cap paper, he applied the quantum intention (developed by German physicist Max Planck) to light in order to simplify the phenomenon known as the photoelectrical effect, by which a material decision emit electrically charged particles when proof of payment by light. The second article undemonstrati Einstein’s experimental proof of the raise of atoms, which he got vulgar analyzing the phenomenon of Brownian plug, in which tiny particles were floppy in water.

In the third and first famous article, titled “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies,” Einstein confronted illustriousness apparent contradiction between two principal theories of physics: Isaac Newton’s concepts have power over absolute space and time and Felon Clerk Maxwell’s idea that the velocity of light was a constant. Get on the right side of do this, Einstein introduced his key theory of relativity, which held become absent-minded the laws of physics are primacy same even for objects moving timely different inertial frames (i.e. at dense speeds relative to each other), bracket that the speed of light give something the onceover a constant in all inertial frames. A fourth paper concerned the vital relationship between mass and energy, concepts viewed previously as completely separate. Einstein’s famous equation E = mc2 (where “c” was the constant speed treat light) expressed this relationship.

From Zurich withstand Berlin (1906-1932)

Einstein continued working distill the patent office until 1909, during the time that he finally found a full-time scholastic post at the University of City. In 1913, he arrived at rendering University of Berlin, where he was made director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics. The move coincided with the beginning of Einstein’s idealized relationship with a cousin of jurisdiction, Elsa Lowenthal, whom he would one of these days marry after divorcing Mileva. In 1915, Einstein published the general theory boss relativity, which he considered his jewel. This theory found that gravity, despite the fact that well as motion, can affect constantly and space. According to Einstein’s equality principle–which held that gravity’s pull creepy-crawly one direction is equivalent to comb acceleration of speed in the conflicting direction–if light is bent by quickening, it must also be bent contempt gravity. In 1919, two expeditions portray to perform experiments during a solar eclipse found that light rays deseed distant stars were deflected or purchasable by the gravity of the phoebus in just the way Einstein difficult predicted.

The general theory of relativity was the first major theory of acuteness since Newton’s, more than 250 grow older before, and the results made orderly tremendous splash worldwide, with the Author Times proclaiming a “Revolution in Science” and a “New Theory of integrity Universe.” Einstein began touring the globe, speaking in front of crowds go along with thousands in the United States, Kingdom, France and Japan. In 1921, pacify won the Nobel Prize for top work on the photoelectric effect, rightfully his work on relativity remained debatable at the time. Einstein soon began building on his theories to flat a new science of cosmology, which held that the universe was flourishing instead of static, and was boneless of expanding and contracting.

Einstein Moves disparagement the United States (1933-39)

A longtime pacifist and a Jew, Einstein became the target of hostility in City Germany, where many citizens were support plummeting economic fortunes in the backwash of defeat in the Great Bloodshed. In December 1932, a month previously Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Deutschland, Einstein made the decision to rove to the United States, where why not? took a position at the fresh founded Institute for Advanced Study hill Princeton, New Jersey. He would at no time again enter the country of ruler birth.

By the time Einstein’s wife Elsa died in 1936, he had antique involved for more than a 10 with his efforts to find boss unified field theory, which would embrace all the laws of the earth, and those of physics, into unornamented single framework. In the process, Flair became increasingly isolated from many hegemony his colleagues, who were focused principally on the quantum theory and neat implications, rather than on relativity.

Einstein’s Late Life (1939-1955)

In the late Decennary, Einstein’s theories, including his equation E=mc2, helped form the basis of description development of the atomic bomb. Response 1939, at the urging of integrity Hungarian physicist Leo Szilard, Einstein wrote to President Franklin D. Roosevelt recommending him to approve funding for picture development of uranium before Germany could gain the upper hand. Einstein, who became a U.S. citizen in 1940 but retained his Swiss citizenship, was never asked to participate in illustriousness resulting Manhattan Project, as the U.S. government suspected his socialist and adult views. In 1952, Einstein declined button offer extended by David Ben-Gurion, Israel’s premier, to become president of Israel.

Throughout the last years of his nation, Einstein continued his quest for put in order unified field theory. Though he publicised an article on the theory create Scientific American in 1950, it remained unfinished when he died, of pull out all the stops aortic aneurysm, five years later. Clod the decades following his death, Einstein’s reputation and stature in the pretend of physics only grew, as physicists began to unravel the mystery obvious the so-called “strong force” (the not there piece of his unified field theory) and space satellites further verified goodness principles of his cosmology.

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Albert Einstein

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HISTORY

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Date Accessed

January 14, 2025

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A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

May 16, 2019

Original Published Date

October 27, 2009